A-B-D
- Outer shell
Weather skin of the envelope construction. It protects the insulation from moisture penetration and is the part of the building envelope that is visible from the outside.
- Bracing
The entirety of all load-bearing elements that transfer horizontal loads to the building ground. In addition to the wind load, impact loads and horizontal loads from crane runway operation must be taken into account where applicable.
- Truss
Load-bearing elements of the roof structure to which the cladding is attached. The truss rests on the supports and is part of the primary structure.
- Girderspacing
Lateral spacing between the girders.
- Truss and support structure
Load-bearing system in which trusses (beams) are connected to supports and define a main load-bearing direction. The secondary load-bearing direction can be formed by purlins (secondary beams) or planar elements (e.g. profiled sheets).
- Floor slab
Surface-shaped load-bearing element for absorbing static and dynamic loads, usually made of concrete.
- Roof seal
Waterproofing is an important function of the building envelope. A basic distinction is made between draining and sealing construction systems. In drainage systems, the individual elements of the outer shell are laid across the slope to drain rainwater. In waterproofing systems, the water-bearing layer of a roof structure is designed as a continuous seal.
- Roof drainage
Roof drainage takes place via an inlet on flat roofs and via a gutter and downpipe on pitched roofs.
- Vapour barrier
Barrier layer to prevent water vapour diffusion. The vapour barrier is positioned on the inside of the building envelope.
- Roof ridge
High point of the roof: Technical term for the upper intersection of two roof surfaces.
- Double-skin roof (DSR)
Double-skin roof construction, consisting of a metal panel support shell, spacers, thermal insulation (mineral wool), outer roof panel as a water-bearing layer.
E-F-H
- Restrained support
Supporting element for transferring vertical and horizontal forces and bending moments to the foundation.
- Single-skin roof (SSR)
Unventilated roof construction with thermal insulation on the underside. Consisting of vapour barrier foil (grid-reinforced), highly insulating isoblock on the purlins, thermal insulation (mineral wool), outer roof panel as a water-bearing layer.
- Unitised façade
Load-bearing system of the building envelope made of prefabricated units. Characteristic features of a unitised façade are vertical and horizontal movement joints between the units.
- Truss
Load-bearing element consisting of load-bearing elements subjected to normal forces, which are articulated to each other and form triangles.
- Façade
Vertical part of the building envelope (outer wall).
- Ridge light strip
Metal construction with glazing, which is mounted in the roof ridge and enables optimum utilisation of natural light.
- Foundations
All measures for transferring all loads acting on a building and caused by a building to the subsoil. A distinction is made between individual foundations (point foundations), strip foundations (often circumferential), slab foundations (floor slab) and pile foundations or other special solutions.
- Heating systems
The entirety of all technical equipment for heating a hall. A distinction is made between ventilation systems and radiant heating systems, e.g. industrial underfloor heating, radiant heating, gas condensing boilers or hot water blowers.
- Rear ventilation
Continuous air gap between the outer shell and the thermal insulation in the wall and roof area, which is connected to the ambient air through air inlet and outlet openings.
- Envelope construction
Entirety of all components that separate an interior space from the exterior space
I-K-L-O-P
Internal cladding
Component for the internal room closure. Common inner shells are, for example, trapezoidal sheets in the roof area and steel cassette profiles in the wall area.Cold roof
Ventilated, multi-layered roof construction in which the weather-side layer is separated from the insulation layer by an air space.Intersection point
Force-fit connection of at least two load-bearing members.Crane systems
Crane systems are used to lift and move loads. A distinction is made between floor-operated and cage-operated cranes.Clear height
Designation for the free vertical height of a structure.In-situ concrete
Concrete that is poured into the formwork on the construction site.Panel
Roof or wall panel made of sheet steel. Galvanised and colour-coated if necessary.Pivot support
Supporting element connected on both sides to transfer vertical and horizontal forces into the foundation.Purlin
Supporting element in the roof area to support the roof covering.Mullion and transom construction
Supporting structure consisting of vertical mullions and horizontal transoms to support the façade.Primary structure
Steel supports (vertical) and steel trusses (horizontal) form the steel frame. The secondary structure is attached horizontally/transversely to the primary structure.
R-S
- Frame corner
The rigid connection between frame upright and frame transom. A distinction is made between welded and bolted frame corners. - Frame support structure
Load-bearing system consisting of frame upright and frame ledger, which are rigidly connected to each other. A distinction is made between one- and two-hinged frames, two- and three-hinged frames and clamped frames. - Smoke and heat extraction systems (SHEVS)
Parts of the building envelope that open automatically in the event of fire and can be located in the roof and wall area. - Spatial load-bearing structure
Load-bearing system subject to compression, tension or bending, in which the loads are transferred as evenly as possible in at least two directions. - Sandwich panel
Structural elements consisting of a foam core enclosed by two metallic cover layers. - Secondary structure
Horizontal load-bearing structure, e.g. purlins and wall beams, which is attached to the primary structure. - Prestressed concrete hollow plank
Pre-stressed, hollow precast concrete element that is laid on site as a suspended ceiling. The individual parts are connected to form a slab using reinforcement and joint grouting as well as concrete ring anchors. - Span
Distance between two support points, e.g. for frames, roofs or ceilings. - Stud
Vertical load-bearing element in the wall area to support the façade and to transfer vertical façade loads and horizontal wind loads.
T-V-W
Gates
Doors are structures for opening and closing large-format wall areas. A distinction is made between sliding doors and lifting doors, folding doors and sliding-folding doors, roller shutters and sectional doors.
Load-bearing structure
A supporting structure is the entirety of the interconnected supporting elements. Its function is to transfer the loads acting on a building into the ground.
Voute
Localised widening of a rigid connection, usually triangular in shape, at a frame corner.
Wall ledger
Horizontal load-bearing element in the wall area to support the façade and to transfer vertical façade loads and horizontal wind loads.
Thermal insulation
Materials with relatively low bulk density and low thermal conductivity. Common insulation materials include mineral wool, foamed plastics and aerated concrete.
Warm roof
Roof construction consisting of several layers. The weather-side layer can be constructed with or without an additional protective layer (e.g. gravel fill, vegetation).
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